10 Top Things to Do in Cairns

The Daintree Rainforest is the oldest continually-existing rainforest on earth - 180 million years old, predating the Amazon by approximately 110 million years. The 1200-square-km area is UNESCO-listed as part of the Wet Tropics of Queensland and is the only place on earth where 2 UNESCO World Heritage natural sites (the reef and the rainforest) meet at the coast. The forest hosts the cassowary (a 1.8-metre flightless bird), tree kangaroos, and 600+ plant species found nowhere else.

Day tours from Cairns 200-280 AUD include 90-minute drive each way, the Daintree River crocodile cruise, Mossman Gorge swimming hole, Cape Tribulation beach (where the rainforest meets the reef), and lunch. Self-drive in a rental car gives more flexibility (the ferry crossing into Daintree is 23 AUD per car). Most visitors spend 1-2 nights at an eco-lodge for the wildlife at dawn. Stay on marked paths - cassowaries can be dangerous.

The Kuranda Scenic Railway is a 37 km heritage train from Cairns to the rainforest village of Kuranda - built 1882-1891 to serve the Mareeba goldfields. The 90-minute journey climbs 327 metres through tropical rainforest with 15 hand-hewn tunnels, 93 curves, and the dramatic Stoney Creek Falls viaduct. The 1891 train carriages have been restored with viewing windows; the Gold Class includes lounge seats and refreshments.

Standard return ticket 65 AUD; Gold Class 88 AUD. Most visitors combine the train one direction with the Skyrail Rainforest Cableway (the world's longest gondola, 7.5 km, 1996) the other direction - the standard Kuranda combo (130 AUD) is the day's classic experience. Allow 8 hours total including lunch in Kuranda (the village has koala parks, butterfly sanctuaries, and Aboriginal markets). 2 daily train departures.

The Cairns Esplanade is the 2.5 km waterfront promenade running along the city's eastern edge - the central social space and the best free attraction in Cairns. The Esplanade Lagoon at the southern end is a 4800-square-metre free saltwater swimming lagoon opened in 2003 to provide swimmable water (the actual Cairns coast is mudflat with crocodiles and box jellyfish, not swimmable). The lagoon is lifeguard-supervised, free entry, and a beloved local hangout.

The Esplanade hosts free outdoor barbecues (bring your own food, electric grills provided), a children's water play area, the Cairns Night Markets (17:00-23:00 nightly, 130+ vendors), and the Esplanade Boardwalk leading north to the Cairns Marina. Free events run constantly including outdoor cinema and Indigenous art markets. Beach is technically present at low tide but not swimmable; the lagoon is the safer free swimming option. Open 24/7.

Skyrail is a 7.5 km gondola cable car between Cairns and Kuranda - opened in 1996 and the world's longest gondola at the time. The 90-minute trip glides above the rainforest canopy at 40 metres elevation, with 2 mid-station stops at Red Peak (with a free guided ranger walk through the rainforest understory) and Barron Falls (with a viewing platform overlooking the 260-metre Barron Falls and gorge).

Standard one-way 65 AUD; return 100 AUD; combination with Kuranda Scenic Railway one-way each direction 130 AUD (the standard visitor pattern). The mid-stations have free guided walks every 30 minutes; the rangers explain rainforest plants and wildlife. Allow 90 minutes for one direction including mid-station stops. Open daily 09:00-15:30 (last departure). The gondola has full-glass-floor SkyView cabins for 39 AUD extra.

Green Island is a 12-hectare coral cay 27 km north-east of Cairns - the closest reef island to the city and the standard easier-than-the-outer-reef alternative for snorkelling. The island combines a small rainforest interior, white-sand beaches, and the Marineland Melanesia (Australia's oldest crocodile farm, with crocodiles plus saltwater snorkelling pools). Fringing reefs surround the island; snorkelling directly from the beach lets you see giant clams, parrotfish, and the occasional reef shark.

Day trips from Cairns 130-200 AUD per person via Big Cat or Great Adventures - 45-minute catamaran each way, 4-5 hours on the island, snorkel gear and lunch included. The full-day option adds 65 AUD for the Marineland Melanesia ticket. Alternatively stay overnight at Green Island Resort (the only accommodation) for 350+ AUD per night - the island is empty after day-tripper boats leave at 16:30. November-April brings box jellyfish requiring stinger suits.

Fitzroy Island is a 339-hectare continental island 29 km south-east of Cairns - geologically older than Green Island (a continental island rather than a coral cay) with a mountainous interior, Nudey Beach (consistently voted Australia's best beach), and excellent fringing reef snorkelling. The island has 1 resort and 1 day-tripper restaurant. The Cairns Turtle Rehabilitation Centre cares for injured sea turtles and offers daily public tours.

Day trips 150-180 AUD per person via Fitzroy Island Adventures ferry - 45-minute ride each way. Standard options: snorkelling at Welcome Bay (off the resort beach), hiking the 2.5 km Lighthouse trail (or harder Summit trail to 269-metre peak with reef views), and visiting the Turtle Centre. Nudey Beach is a 15-minute walk south of the main resort and is the standout. Overnight resort stays from 280 AUD per night.

Cape Tribulation is the headland where the Daintree Rainforest meets the Great Barrier Reef coast - the only place on earth where 2 UNESCO World Heritage natural sites meet at sea level. Named by Captain Cook in 1770 after his Endeavour ran aground on a nearby reef (Cook wrote the place where my troubles began). The cape is the northern terminus of the Bruce Highway and the start of true wilderness. The white-sand beach is swimmable June-October only.

Day trips from Cairns combine Daintree River crocodile cruise, the Daintree Rainforest, and Cape Tribulation beach in 11 hours (250-300 AUD). The Daintree Discovery Centre boardwalk (free with park pass) is the easiest rainforest experience. Stay overnight at PK's Jungle Village (backpacker, from 50 AUD per bed) or Cape Trib Beach House (from 200 AUD) to experience the rainforest at dawn. Box jellyfish prohibit ocean swimming November-May.

Kuranda is a rainforest village 25 km north-west of Cairns - a hill-station retreat developed since the 1880s when the railway connected the goldfields. The village population is just 3000 but tourist numbers exceed 1 million annually thanks to the Skyrail and Scenic Railway. Standout sights: the Australian Butterfly Sanctuary (the country's largest butterfly aviary with 1500+ resident butterflies), Birdworld, the Koala Gardens (cuddle a koala 25 AUD), and the Heritage Markets selling Aboriginal art and didgeridoos.

The Rainforestation Nature Park (3 km outside the village) operates the Pamagirri Aboriginal Experience (cultural demonstrations including didgeridoo, dance, and bushcraft, 32 AUD). The riverside Barron Falls walking track is free and accesses one of the photogenic Wet Tropics waterfalls. Most visitors do Kuranda as a Skyrail-Railway combo day trip from Cairns. Free village entry; individual attractions 20-35 AUD each.

Hartley's Crocodile Adventures is a wildlife park 40 km north of Cairns - the local centre for seeing the saltwater crocodiles that inhabit the rivers and estuaries of North Queensland. The 22-hectare site combines a working crocodile farm (commercial leather production), educational shows, a lagoon cruise where staff feed crocodiles by hand from the boat, and 80+ resident saltwater and freshwater crocodiles. The Australian Wildlife Experience adds cassowaries, koalas, kangaroos, and 30+ snake species.

Admission 49 AUD adult; the lagoon cruise and crocodile feeding shows included. Open daily 08:30-17:00. Half-day visits include the crocodile feeding (twice daily 11:00 and 15:00), the snake show, the cassowary feeding, and the wildlife handler photos with a small saltwater crocodile (45 AUD extra). Half-day shuttle bus packages from Cairns hotels 75 AUD all-in. Wildlife conservation status: legitimate research, no concerns.